Still, when religion plays a predominant role as a coping resource, this is often because the individual has few or limited other alternatives available in his/her immediate sociocultural context. In public, people behave in the way that will benefit them (i.e. As Ahmad, explains: Besides, the religious consciousness of Islam is not concentrated on a historical fact, but rather on a meta-historical, or better, trans-historical fact of the primordial covenant (mithaq) between man and God as understood from the Sura 7:172 in the Quran. Ultimately, the interview questions were modified to ensure that they were culturally adapted to an Iranian-Islamic context. Relation of existential meaning-making domains. Nevertheless, while politics is commonly ridiculed, most people are very reluctant to criticise Islam both from a social standpoint and a moral/theological perspective. When Aryan (Indo-Iranian) tribes migrated to the region of modern-day Iran, it came to be known as Ariana or Iran - the land of the Aryans. In order to provide sensitive and culturally appropriate care, nurses should be aware of the general impact of cultural norms and values on the process of maternal role attainment and strive to meet the cultural needs of all mothers. People also read lists articles that other readers of this article have read. Three experts performed the peer examination. Education is greatly valued in Iranian culture and so people often seek to have at least a basic understanding of a broad range of topics. A health belief system has four key components: perceived susceptibility. They are always in my heart and I do not forget them for a single moment, each second they are present in my mind and heart. The dynamics of relationships are significantly shaped by the reality of which activities Iranians feel safe doing in public. Patients in Somalia commonly exhibit symptoms of chronic disorders in response to stress and turmoil. T raditionally Iranian culture has been patriarchal with the father or the husband at the head of the family and household. Designing effective health interventions for managing early marriage needs to apply the community-based approaches. Cultural factors that can influence family planning discussions and decisions include gender role inequality, deference to family or physician authority, religious influences, belief that. Inter-cultural and cross-cultural competencies were made visible. Iran is the 17th largest country in the world. When it is less vital to the orientation system, and less relevant to life experiences, it plays a less important role in coping (Ahmadi, Citation2006; Ellison, Citation1991; Ferraro & Koch, Citation1994; Kesselring, Dodd, Lindsey, & Strauss, Citation1986). A sample of 27 (18 females and nine males) cancer patients/survivors (aged 16 and older) were selected using a purposive sampling method. It is worth noting that the expectations regarding what is honourable and shameful can vary significantly between different people, family backgrounds and social attitudes. Nevertheless, the results of several studies (Ahmadi, Citation2006, Citation2015; Ahmadi, Park, Kim, & Ahmadi Citation2017; Ahmadi & Ahmadi, Citation2018) reveal the occurrence of other coping strategies that can hardly be regarded as religious or spiritual, for instance, strategies connected to nature. A unified, searchable interface answering your questions on the world's cultures and religions. Families are also usually the basis for peoples social and business network. Robert T. Muller, Ph.D., is a professor of psychology at York University, and the author of the book Trauma and the Avoidant Client. Knowing what you value will help you build the most meaningful life possible. And this is the way he wants to remind me. One 41-year-old man explained this: We have a responsibility to act. Even today with rampant urbanization, Iranians value nature and make every attempt to spend time in the open air. The eye is a pragmatic element in both cultures. As Ahmadi and Ahmadi (Citation2018) point out: In this model, the concepts and topics of the religious and spiritual domains overlap to some extent. Careful consideration was made during this phase. In our study, we observed interviewees who preferred to rely on themselves rather than God for Reason A, above. While it borders seven different countries, the Iranian people do not seem to affiliate themselves with the Arab world; nor do they share much commonality with those in South/Central Asia. The government also provides donors with free health insurance, and the patients sometimes give an additional donation to donors. Completely surrounded by God, I put myself and my destiny in His hands. We find two patterns regarding such connectedness. Most of the participants were Shia Muslims. These kinds of coping methods can be viewed as a search for meaning that has no connection whatsoever to religion or religious symbols, or no obvious connection to a sacred religious/spiritual source. 5 Spiritual Practices That Increase Well-Being. They're informed by the cultures we most associate ourselves with. A fatalistic attitude about sickness may make Asian patients/families seem resigned to their situation. The two additional themes spiritual coping and existential coping will be presented in another article. Cultural values are a culture's core beliefs about what's good or right. All people may gain the prestige of a familys success or bear the responsibility for a familys dishonour. I believe God wanted to warn me with illness and maybe death to change my life and be a better person. Putting others before ones self is considered the most dignified behaviour (see Taarof in Etiquette for a further explanation). A unified, searchable interface answering your questions on the world's cultures and religions. The interviews varied in length, from around one hour to one and half hours. Culture impacts the way a person views life, values, social norms, and other aspects that constitute daily life, including health and diseases. Staying Single: What Most People Do If They Divorce After 50. Some reports show that 26.5 percent of. Cultural and religious beliefs and values may have an impact on preferences for treatment at end-of-life. Outreach and education efforts by the health care community can help . Illness may be considered a product of Gods will, and thus accepted or as in the story of Job viewed as educational theodicy (Dein & Stygall, Citation1997). I believe I have sinned, and it is my punishment. In the current article, we present the results from our study in Iran, which looks at religious coping methods from a cultural perspective. Behaviour in Iran is also noticeably influenced by peoples perceptions of pride and dignity. Iran recognises Zoroastrian, Jewish, and Christian religious minorities, among others. Indeed, general society embraces science and development, and there seems to be a cultural consensus that Islamic principles do not necessarily contradict technological and scientific progress. The culture of sitting next to the table, pickles, flavors, sweets, and the rituals of its beginning and end, or hosting, and serving food is one of the main pillars, also shows this importance. One of the most interesting finding from the present study is that although several interviewees reported relying on God, their coping methods cannot be defined as passive. Demonic Reappraisal - which refers to redefining the stressor as an act of the Devil/an evil power is another coping method we found in the present study. According to Nation Master, females made up over 60% of the overall Iranian student body in 2012. Full-text available. These values are neither positive nor negative - they're just differences. The overall international project has focused on studying these three main meaning-making coping methods and how culture may affect use of these methods. The country faces the common problem of other young . Even though Iranians may consider some of these cultural customs ordinary and mundane, they are sure to raise a foreign eyebrow or two. Before carrying out the research, the University of Tehrans Ethics Committee reviewed the project to ensure that it complied with the Research Code of Conduct and Ethics. As we explained above, among this group, for instance, devotional habits are more cultural than religious. Role of Culture in Healthcare Decision-Making. Significant class differences were exacerbated through periods of recent economic hardship and instability. The concept of imamat is important to the Shiites.Footnote5 They believe that, without imamat, the faith of Muslims is not complete. Visiting pilgrims is for me like praying. Cultural behaviors have important implications for human health. The study was based on qualitative research. It should not be assumed that all Iranians share the same language, cultural, religious or political beliefs. TEHRAN, Nov. 18 (MNA) - According to PersianRestaurant.org, food culture is the practices, attitudes, and beliefs surrounding the production, distribution, and consumption of food. Iranians can be a superstitious bunch, especially when it comes to being jinxed. Examples include post-traumatic stress disorder, depression, anxiety, and high blood pressure, and about half of the Somali refugees and asylum-seekers suffer from a combination of two or more of these conditions (Gerritsen et al., 2006). Sharifian (Citation2011) focused on the case of cheshm (eye in Persian) a body-part term that is important in Persian culture because it is related to emotions like love, envy and greed and pointed out that expressions employed in relation to concepts such as envy and the evil eye probably originate from a combined historical, cultural, religious conceptualisation. The study highlights the importance of investigating cultural and social context when exploring the use of the meaning-making coping strategies in different countries. Most Iranians seem to be unified across ethnic divides. Rather, the distinctive Persian identity engenders a strong sense of pride and belonging among its people. Many people study for a higher education or post-graduate degree as strong respect is shown to those who have proof of expertise. . The Iranian people have a record of practising quite a progressive form of Shia Islam. Medications like these are seen as first-line treatment in Iran. Religious purification refers to a search for spiritual cleansing through religious actions. For more information (Freud & Breuer, Citation1895). We will present these methods in another article. A catharsis is an emotional release linked to the urgent need to resolve unconscious conflicts through means other than directly venting the feelings associated with these conflicts.Footnote4. Culture is one of the most important factors affecting the development of motherhood in Iran. My job is sweeping the kitchen floor after dinner and by doing this task, I am helping to keep the . Love is the ultimate imperative for Iranians, reflected in the rich language of Persian poems and literature in which hopeless romantics search for the true and pure love. . Individuals' families also play a role in the way health is perceived. Spiritual Connection means experiencing a sense of connectedness with forces that transcend the individual as a coping method to gain comfort. 1.1 Taking responsibility People receive safe and effective care when pharmacy professionals take responsibility for ensuring that person-centred care is not compromised by personal values or beliefs. The Cultural Atlas team acknowledges the Traditional Owners of the lands throughout Australia on whose country we have the privilege to live and work. Seeking Support from Clergy or Congregation Members refers to a search for comfort and reassurance through the love and care of these individuals. In Iranian families, children are raised to be disciplined and to respect their elders. The modernization processes that took place in the 20th century, until the Islamic revolution, changed the situation with the modern and educated classes. Montazeri et al. The study offers nurses empirical data to help shape conversations about end-of-life care, and thus to enhance their commitment to help people 'die well'. The Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran mandates that the official religion of Iran is Shia Islam practiced according to the Twelver Jafari school. (Bhardwaj, Citation1998, p. 72). Survey identifies health behaviors, challenges shared by Muslim community. Cultural beliefs affect health and wellness through the information that it provides for its people. Children are not necessarily expected to go into their parents profession, but are urged to follow their passion. As concerns religious coping, we started from the Five Key Religious Functions that constitute the basis of RCOPE (Pargament, Koenig, & Perez, Citation2000, p. 521). Almost all Iranians respect the principle of modesty in the Islamic religion. It is commonly accepted that health care providers must strive to deliver care in a "culturally competent" manner; that is, they must be aware of the importance of the values, beliefs, traditions, parenting styles, and other aspects of a person's culture when serving and interacting with a patient, and they must develop the competencies necessary to address these cultural differences in . Mass Shooters and the Myth That Evil Is Obvious, Transforming Empathy Into Compassion: Why It Matters. The cultural interpretation of the religion has been traditionally open-minded, making allowances for liberal behaviour and improvements in womens rights. It is also a possible way to make ones bargaining with God more successful. Conceptualisations of cheshm eye (in Persian), Psychological effects of ziyarat on mental health and life of human, Uppsala University, Department of Sociology. In cultures where there are many non-religious resources and where religion plays a less important role in daily life, religion may be less important in the coping process. They ensure civil law and court decisions abide by the principles of Islam, and are generally highly conservative. The primary beverage is black tea. Naturally, in most societies religion is not the sole available resource in an individuals orienting system; there are other dimensions in life e.g., biological, psychological, social, and environmental to which a person can turn when faced with adversity. Register to receive personalised research and resources by email. As Corbin (Citation1964/Citation1993, p. 4) mentions, in Islam there is no clergy which possesses the means of grace. Islam has neither a dogmatic magisterium, nor a council which has the task of defining dogma. The concepts and topics of spirituality and secular meaning-making coping also overlap, but there is no overlap between secular and religious concepts and topics. The holy places may also function as reminders of God; Islamic/Quranic teachings argue that remembrance of Allah leads to peace and satisfaction: Those who believe and whose hearts find peace in the remembrance of Allh. This being said, many families see the education and development of their daughters as equally important. I told the nurse to bring me a Quran. The government does not approve of casual dating or premarital sex and enforces the separation of the genders. The term "family values" has become a popular phrase in recent years. It is a symbol of love. Registered in England & Wales No. The continuous presence of pre-Islamic, non-Muslim communities - such as Zoroastrians, Jews, and Christians - has served to accustom the population to non-Muslims participating in Iranian society. Look! While this is statistically unlikely to happen, it is a consideration that affects behaviour. Psychology Today 2023 Sussex Publishers, LLC, Source: PakPolaris at Deviant Art, Creative Commons, If You Need to Pull an All-Nighter, This Should Be Your Diet, Mass Shootings Are a Symptom, Not the Root Problem. Table 1 shows the demographic characteristics of the informants. Iran recognises Zoroastrian, Jewish, and Christian religious minorities, among others. keeping to the rules to avoid attracting the attention of government operatives). A 16-year-old man pointed out: Never before have I believed in the evil eye, but now I sometimes think that it was the evil eye that made me ill, due to other peoples jealousy. Across its history, Iran has continuously pursued modernisation whilst looking to maintain its spiritual integrity. This is based on the traditional idea that people should protect their personal and family honour by giving a public impression of dignity and integrity. Sobhani and Mirdarikondi (Citation2014) found that ziyarat enhances enthusiasm and positive behaviour in individuals. This is usually to protect conservative parents from worrying. Elderly parents are dependent on adult children and grandchildren. Social mobility is possible, but it can be quite difficult for Iranians to separate themselves from their familys reputation in the eyes of their peers. Therefore, the current study aimed to explore determinants of early . However, Iranians generally do not try to talk themselves up to defend their honour. By definition, integrity means to maintain strong moral principles like honesty, fairness, and honor. Furthermore, men are considered legally and financially responsible for supporting the women of their family. Under it, Islamic theologians and mullahs constitute the highest ranks of leadership. 5 Howick Place | London | SW1P 1WG. Those who are employed usually do desktop-based office work and also rarely get the same management opportunities. According to Khoshkjan (Citation2016, p. 4), one of the most important motivations for pilgrimage is enjoying its savab (a spiritual reward). Translation included an inevitable process of removing certain nuances from the actual texts. The results of the Pearson's correlation coefficient test indicated that there was no significant relationship between professional values and age (r = 0.03, p = 0.47), while there was a significant relationship between professional values and the GPA (r = 0.29, p = 0.003).This revealed that the students with higher GPA had higher scores in professional values. such as religious beliefs, social norms, and family values. Culture influences the health comprehension, treatment options, and diagnostic claims of an individual. It seems that making decision for cesarean is done under the influence of cultural perceptions and beliefs. Nevertheless, much of the population shares the benefits of the middle class. Underground, people behave the way they truly believe, often relaxing their moral codes of behaviour. After all the interviews had been transcribed and analyzed, the main citations (participants responses and statements) for each category were translated into English by the researchers. 2 COMMUNICATION Greetings Hello Salaam Goodbye Khoda hafez . As it seems, believing that imams have outwardly powers, that visiting imams tombs ziyarat means nearing the source of the divine, and that through ziyarat they gain rewards savab has brought about the kind of psychological confidence and security that our informants needed while facing a serious life crisis. Factors affecting the development of their family additional themes spiritual coping and coping. Methods and how culture may affect use of these methods term & ;. Of this article have read sinned, and Christian religious minorities, among this group for. 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They believe that, without imamat, the current study aimed to explore determinants of.. With illness and maybe death to change my life and be a person.